Blog
Developments in automated analysis, new software, research commentary and notes on where the field is going.
How to test independence with a chi-square contingency test in SciPy (with Code)
Pass a table of observed counts to scipy.stats.chi2_contingency and inspect the returned expected counts, degrees of freedom and p-value.
How to run a Wilcoxon signed-rank test in SciPy (with Code)
Calculate the paired differences in the intended direction, then pass them to scipy.stats.wilcoxon with an explicit alternative and method.
Machine Learning Recruitment and Staffing in 2026: How to Hire ML Talent in a Market Where Demand Outpaces Supply by 3x
ML talent demand outpaces supply by ~3x. Most in-demand skills in 2026: MLOps and production ML, LLM fine-tuning/RAG, causal inference, time-series forecasting. Salary ranges: USD 85K–400K+ (US), INR 8–80 LPA (India). Best hiring practice: well-designed take-home ML projects and production systems interviews.
How to run a Mann-Whitney U test in SciPy (with Code)
Use scipy.stats.mannwhitneyu for two independent samples and state the alternative and p-value method explicitly.
How to run a Kruskal-Wallis test in SciPy (with Code)
Pass independent groups as separate arguments to scipy.stats.kruskal to obtain a tie-corrected H statistic and an approximate p-value.
How to run a one-way ANOVA in SciPy (with Code)
Call scipy.stats.f_oneway with the independent groups as separate arguments and equal_var=True for the classical equal-variance ANOVA.
How to calculate a confidence interval for a sample mean in SciPy (with Code)
Pass the sample mean and its standard error to scipy.stats.t.interval, using one fewer degree of freedom than the sample size.
How to run a one-sample t-test in SciPy (with Code)
Call scipy.stats.ttest_1samp with popmean set to the fixed reference mean you want to test.
How to run a paired-sample t-test in SciPy (with Code)
Use scipy.stats.ttest_rel(after, before) when each after measurement is matched to the same subject in before.
How to run a Welch two-sample t-test in SciPy (with Code)
Call scipy.stats.ttest_ind with equal_var=False to compare the means of two independent samples without assuming equal population variances.